Neuron

• A nerve cell that sends and receives electrical and chemical signals.

Glial Cell (Glia)

• Support cells that help neurons survive, grow, and function. Types include astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and Schwann cells.

Astrocyte

• A star-shaped glial cell that supports neurons and helps control the brain’s chemical environment.

Microglia

• Immune cells of the brain that remove waste and fight infections.

Oligodendrocyte

• A glial cell in the brain and spinal cord that wraps axons with myelin (insulation).

Schwann Cell

• The peripheral nervous system version of oligodendrocytes — they also provide myelin.