Type: Amino acid
Receptors: GABA-A (ionotropic), GABA-B (metabotropic)
Region-specific functions:

• Cortex: Controls excitability, prevents seizures

• Hippocampus: Sharp wave ripple regulation, memory gating

• Basal ganglia (e.g., striatum): Motor suppression (via indirect pathway)

• Thalamus: Modulates sensory input during sleep/attention

• Cerebellum (Purkinje cells): Motor inhibition, timing

• Dysfunction → anxiety, epilepsy, schizophrenia